Caring for a loved one with dementia comes with unique challenges, one of which is the increased risk of medical emergencies like stroke. Dementia can sometimes mask or complicate the recognition of stroke symptoms. In this article, we will discuss the signs and symptoms of stroke in individuals with dementia and provide guidance on what immediate actions to take.
Understanding the Risks
Stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when there’s a disruption in blood flow to the brain. Individuals with dementia may be at higher risk for several reasons, including:
- Coexisting Health Conditions: People with dementia often have other health issues such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease, which are risk factors for stroke.
- Medication Management: Managing multiple medications can be challenging for someone with dementia, and medication non-compliance can increase stroke risk.
- Difficulty Communicating: Dementia can affect the ability to express pain or discomfort, making it harder to recognise stroke symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms
Identifying stroke symptoms in someone with dementia can be challenging, but it’s essential to stay vigilant. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Sudden Confusion: If your loved one becomes suddenly disoriented, struggles to speak or understand language, or exhibits severe memory problems, it could be a sign of stroke.
- Facial Drooping: Ask the person to smile. If one side of their face droops or appears uneven, this could indicate a stroke.
- Arm Weakness: Request that they raise both arms. If one arm drifts downward or cannot be lifted, it may be a sign of stroke.
- Speech Difficulty: Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence. Slurred speech or difficulty forming words may indicate a stroke.
- Loss of Balance: Sudden dizziness, loss of balance, or difficulty walking can be stroke symptoms.
- Vision Problems: Blurred vision, sudden vision loss in one or both eyes, or difficulty seeing out of one eye could signal a stroke.
Immediate Actions to Take
If you suspect that someone with dementia is having a stroke, it’s crucial to act quickly. Time is of the essence in stroke cases, as prompt treatment can reduce the risk of long-term disability or even save a life. Here’s what to do:
- Call Emergency Services: Dial 999 or your local emergency number immediately. Inform them that you suspect a stroke and provide your location.
- Stay Calm: Keep the person with dementia as calm as possible. Reassure them that help is on the way.
- Note the Time: If possible, note the time when you first noticed symptoms. This information can be critical for medical professionals.
- Do Not Give Food or Drink: Refrain from offering food or drink, as swallowing difficulties are common in stroke cases.
- Keep Them Comfortable: Make sure the person is comfortable, lying down with their head slightly elevated.
- Monitor Vital Signs: Pay attention to their breathing and pulse while you wait for medical assistance.
Prevention and Risk Reduction
To reduce the risk of stroke in individuals with dementia:
- Manage Underlying Conditions: Ensure that any coexisting health conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes, are well-managed.
- Medication Management: Help your loved one stay on top of their medication regimen. Use pill organisers or reminders if needed.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Encourage a balanced diet, regular exercise, and lifestyle choices that promote cardiovascular health.
- Regular Medical Check-ups: Schedule routine check-ups with healthcare professionals to monitor overall health.
Recognising stroke in someone with dementia may be challenging, but being informed and vigilant is essential. Knowing the signs, taking immediate action, and preventing risk factors can make a significant difference in the outcome. Remember, in a stroke, time lost is brain lost. Always prioritise quick action to protect your loved one’s well-being, and if in doubt seek emergency medical assistance.
